Women in Bollywood

Film is somehow a depiction of real life. The movies produced reflect a nation’s culture and the interplay of its citizens within the society. Such interplay is the role of a man and a woman in India. Cinema in India is the largest productive movie industry in the world. Known as Bollywood, Indians are able to make films which portray the Indian’s way of life, promote their sense of identity, and their nationalism. By looking at Indian films, one can have the general idea of the Indian society. Women, in particular, are clearly portrayed in Bollywood.There are notions of what a ‘good’ and a ‘bad’ woman is. The actions of women depicted in the films also create norms on how women are placed in the society. Just like films from other countries, Bollywood have mostly projected women in a standardize character (Mishra, 2002, p. xix). Though the Indian culture evolves in accordance with modern times, women representation in films somehow has been ty pified within the norms. Two of the best-selling Hindi movies that made its mark on Bollywood Cinema have women as the main character.Mother India (1957) and Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994), both are notable works in the Indian film industry. The former being a dramatic movie and the latter, a romantic comedy combined with musical. These two films presented women who are bounded by the traditions of the society and how they reacted to it. Both of the films pertained to the concept of India’s ideal woman. As heroines from the two movies revolved around different environment and time frame, they were depicted as the women molded into the traditions of Indian society. These traditions lead to the films’ depiction of India’s nationalism.As what Thomas mentioned in her essay (1989) about India’s struggle for freedom in the form of films: Since it first emerged in the context of colonial India’s fight for independence, Indian cinema, for a number of reasons, has been concerned with constructing a notion of Indian cultural and national identity. This has involved drawing on concepts such as â€Å"traditions†. (p. 11) Mother India is a film that has a heavier plot than that of the Hum Aapke Hain Kaun. Radha, the female protagonist faced a lot of moral and social struggles as the story progress.Her personal role as a mother conflicted with her public responsibility as a woman. As a young woman who married the man she loves, she was encapsulated in the dutiful role of a wife. Radha fulfilled the traditional wife duties as her husband’s companion and helper at work. Radha is one of the most dynamic characters in Bollywood. Her change in attitudes in the course of the film was necessary as dramatic situations occurred in her story. The changes that happened in Radha’s character are two opposite personalities of a woman.From the shy, newly married young woman she transformed into a self-dependent single mother who worked h ard to uphold the dignity of her children and their standard of living. Her marriage with Shamu made her a committed and devoted wife to him. She is always at his side especially when working. However, as tragedy followed Shamu getting handicapped resulted into his decision to leave his family, Radha’s role as a mother has to be emphasized. Her timidity turned into a strong, courageous woman who built her family within dignified moral grounds.With this kind of dynamism, Radha was depicted as a powerful woman. The character of an empowered and independent woman was very rare in Indian cinema at the time Mother India was released. This kind of portrayal brought Radha with goddess-like features because of enduring so much struggles and overcoming tribulations. Radha was one of the few fictional female characters depicted in a heroic manner. The flow of Radha’s story is quite similar with the goddess Sita. Radha who endured the hard work together with her husband just like what Sita did when she gave up richness to join her husband in exile.Both of them endured the hardships of raising their children alone. Though both of them may have been portrayed as frail and timid, they exude strength especially in the most challenging aspect of their lives. The loyalty and chastity of the goddess can be seen on the scene where Radha refused Sukhilal’s offer of marriage. Upholding her chastity meant maintaining the dignity of their family despite their situation of poverty. Radha always reminded her sons to live a life within moral principles and to serve as good citizens of their village.The chastity was not only for her but for her family’s name. Her sons became the extension of maintaining that purity despite their strife in life. Another goddess associated with Radha is the goddess Kali. The goddess is described as the â€Å"fierce, passionate goddess of both life and destruction† (Thorner, Raj & Trust, 2000, p. 97). The fierceness of th e goddess can be witnessed when Radha aggressively declined Sukhilal’s seduction and almost caused havoc inside his house. The characteristic of Kali’s destruction can be identified in the event when Radha shot her favorite son.There was a struggle within Radha to be a good mother or to be a law abiding citizen. Birju failed to uphold what his mother have instilled to them and because of this, Radha decided to end his life to maintain the honor of the family. The association of Radha with Kali has been further justified by Rosie Thomas. Focusing on the experiences of men closer to Radha, Thomas indicated Radha’s goddess feature of punishment. Her depiction on the film holding heavy axe and shovel that she uses for farm work portrayed her as a strong woman that is capable of punishing if things does not go right (Thomas, 1989, p.17). The mere association of men with Radha caused the men on the film to be somewhat destroyed. Thomas described this destruction as an attribute to Radha being compared to Kali: She kills her favorite son; her husband loses both arms (and implicitly his manliness)†¦the villainous Sukhilal end up covered in cotton fluff, cowering like a naughty infant as she beats him with a big stick†¦Thus, she is both venerator of men and venerated by them as devi (goddess) and maa (mother), and she is, in turn, in need of men’s protection and a protector and destroyer of men. (p.16) The character of Radha can be quite the contrary for the depiction of Nisha in Hum Aapke Hain Kaun. This is a romantic comedy family-oriented film. If Mother India mostly portrayed the role of the woman in a society, Hum Aapke Hain Kaun showed women’s place within the structure of the family. Indian traditions are clearly emphasized on the film especially in the engagement and wedding ceremonies (Hirji, 2005). Though the plot in the movie consists of light drama, the underlying role of the women in a typical Indian family conn otes how women are in real life.The women in this film are bounded by family traditions which meant that every decision in the family should come from the male member of the family. The arrangement that was made between Mr. Kailashnath and Mr. Siddharth for Pooja and Rajesh’s wedding made it very clear. This scene proved that family decisions should rule and the rule comes mostly from the male members. Women in Hum Aapke Hain Kaun are portrayed as dutiful and obedient. Nisha, the younger sister of Pooja, is the woman who is given focus on the film. She is portrayed in the film as a playful prankster and cheerful woman.As every woman in India, she is deeply attached with her family and it is seen in her relationship with her sister whom she’s closest with. Eventually, Nisha’s relationship with Prem will be greatly affected by her relationship with her family. Like Radha, Nisha experienced a transition within her character. Though Radha is a bit more complex, Nish a’s transition can be seen from being a happy-go-lucky girl to a woman that has to fulfill her family’s traditions. This is more evident when Prem and Nisha sacrificed their love so that she could marry Prem’s brother after Pooja’s death.The woman is seen to give up her own wishes and desires to abide her duties in her family. This aspect of women in Indian culture provided similarities with the goddess that was compared with Mother India. Aside from being loyal and upholding her chastity, the goddess Sita is a devoted and dutiful woman to her sons and to her husband. This feature is apparent on the easy acceptance of Pooja with the arrangement of marriage with Rajesh. The marriage was arranged by two of the highest male authorities of both families and the film portrayed that the decision to marry was a final thing to do.Shedding off whatever attraction that may have happened when they were introduced, an objection for the marriage from either Pooja or R ajesh did not exist for the sake of their fathers. On the other hand, Nisha – despite her feelings for Prem – decided to marry Rajesh for the sake of her nephew and her dead sister. Though it was against her will, she decided to take the route of being married to her brother-in-law. This event, as part of her change, showed Nisha becoming an ideal woman who sacrificed and obeyed her family.Like the goddess Sita who allowed Rama to exile her, Nisha complied with her family’s request even if it entailed to give up her love for Prem. This film showed the Indian traditions viewing Nisha as a heroine who â€Å"would never put her own dreams ahead of the aspirations and desires of her family or men† (Ghose, 2006, p. 5). The conservative woman who considers her self as a second priority is what appeal as an ideal woman. Nisha is a good woman with a generous heart that can be compared to the dutiful goddess Sita who is the epitome of how Indian women are raised.O n the contrary, the opposite of the good or ideal woman is revealed in the character of Mamiji. Nisha is portrayed as the simple conservative girl while Mamiji is depicted as â€Å"selfish, mercenary, and vain† (Ghosh, 2000, p. 86). Her being vain is symbolized as being self-centered which opposed Nisha’s character of selflessness. The fact that Mamiji does not have a child of her own makes her what she is. The lack of motherhood in her personality diverted her attention solely on herself. The concept of a ‘bad woman’ in the film can be compared to the struggle that India has been experiencing after the colonial period.Somehow, the qualities of a ‘bad woman’ in the image of Mamiji such as going to the beauty parlor can be seen as a modern type of woman. As Rosie Thomas mentioned, Indian films are mostly in the context of struggling for independence by showcasing nationalism through tradition (Thomas, 1989, p. 11). The depiction of the scheming Mamiji as a modern woman in oppose to Nisha or Pooja as the traditional women of India; say much about India’s effort to promote its culture rather than the practices that are left by their invaders.Taking all of these into account, somehow it can be determined that an ideal woman within the Indian society is someone who is submissive and selfless. Both films are able to portray those traits. Mother India and Hum Aapke Hain Kaun are perfect depictions of women who are bounded by Indian traditions whether in society or in the family. Though both women differ in strength and with the way they are portrayed, Radha and Nisha are both subjected to the responsibilities that they have as women leaving no room for their own will and personal desires.The portrayal of women in films having goddess-like characteristics, symbolizes the nationalism of India. India regarded many female gods in their religion and they attributed these deities as an example of how a female should behave in the society. Emphasizing traditions in Bollywood is their way of promoting Indian nationalism. One effective way of showing these traditions would be in the form of a female as both of these films have been considered as icons in the Indian film industry.These female characters that were associated with Hindu goddesses transcend into society to be emulated and to uphold the culture. For Indians compare their country to a female that nurture its people and unselfishly gave her land for them to nourish and to raise a dignified India. References Ghose, A. (2006). Of Names of Women in Hindi Cinema. Retrieved October 30, 2008, from Esocialsciences . Ghosh, S. (2000). Hum Aapke Hain Kaun: Pluralizing Pleasures of Viewership. Social Scientist, Vol. 28, p. 83-90.Hirji, F. (2005). When Local Meets Lucre: Commerce, Culture and Imperialism in Bollywood Cinema. Carleton University. Retrieved October 30, 2008, from http://lass. calumet. purdue. edu/cca/gmj/OldSiteBackup/SubmittedDocuments/Fall20 05/graduate/Hirji-%20Refereed. htm. Mishra, V. (2002). Bollywood Cinema: Temples of Desire. New York: Routledge. Raj, Maithreyi. K. , Thorner, A. & Trust, S. (2000). Ideals, Images, and Real Lives. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan. Thomas, R. (1989). Sanctity and Scandal: The Mythologization of Mother India. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Vol. 11, 11-30.

Home School vs. Public School Essay

I prefer home schooling over public schooling; which one do you prefer? There are both pros and cons for both Home Schooling and Public Schooling. I am going to explain this all to you in my essay. I personally was home schooled for a few years during middle and high school. All of elementary school and part of middle school I went to a regular school. My reasoning for choosing to be home schooled is I have Agoraphobia which is an anxiety disorder caused by situations where people perceive the environment as being difficult to escape or get help. As soon as I would walk into a class room I would have a panic attack. One thing I liked about public school was being able to play volleyball. I loved playing it for the little bit of time that I was in middle school. Even though I wasn’t really all that great, So I didn’t play very much. That is one con of being home schooled. You cannot play sports affiliated with any school. A pro for public schooling is you have a group environment to learn in with others to help you. On the other hand with home schooling you are on your own. In home schooling you have less choices of curriculum as you would if you were going to public school. You also have more diversity in public school. When going to public school you have a higher student to teacher ratio, now with home schooling there is a small teacher to student ratio. In home schooling you are free to choose your schedule, as in public school your schedule is strict and chosen for you. Public school chooses the curriculum for you. Unlike in home schooling you can choose your own. There are now roughly millions of children being home schooled. Being home schooled teaches students to be independent in their learning choices. Sometimes home schooling can be more expensive than going to public school. Teachers are not always qualified to teach all subjects, and colleges sometimes have stricter admission policies concerning home schooled students. It is also harder to provide social interaction when being home schooled. Like I had stated before I prefer home schooling but everyone has their own opinions. This is the reason why I have enrolled myself into the University of Phoenix online. So that I can have the flexibility of my classes, this way I can work around my everyday life and not miss out when it comes to spending time with my boys. I hope that the information in my essay was helpful to you.

Free Essays on Childrends Right

Children ¡Ã‚ ¯s Rights, You and I When I was a child, my parents gave me a lot: the happiness, the freedom, the nice food, and the best education. When I became a father, I tried to give my child as much as I can. What about you? You may treat your children the same way I did. But, can you believe that million of children even have no food to eat and no place to live? Can you believe that million of children under 14 work as full time labor while million of others were killed by conflict and disease? I can not believe it, but it is the fact. Armed children, disabled children, refugee children ¡Ã‚ ­ as many as million of million. Report from Child Rights Information Network: about 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 work. Of these, 120 million work full time and some 50-60 million work in hazardous circumstances. In India, at least 18 million children live or work on the streets, laboring as porters in railway stations or bus terminals, as ragpickers, and as vendors of food, tea, or handmade articles. These street children routinely subjected to arbitrary and illegal detention, torture, and extortion, and on occasion, murder at the hands of police. In Manila, 13- and 14-year-old girls work 17-hour days at their sewing machines in sweatshops. The pay: 13 cents an hour. That ¡Ã‚ ¯s better than the one cent a day earned by 5-year-olds who weed the tea plantations in Sri Lanka (Michele Landsberg). In the Ashanti Goldfields (jointly owned by the Government of Ghana and a company called Lonrho International), 11-year-old boys labor naked in pools of cyanide to extract gold from rock (Michele Landsberg). Report from Human Rights Watch: two million children were killed in the last decade in armed conflict. Three times as many have been serious injured or permanently disabled while million of others have become refugees. Child soldiers were used in more than thirty countries around the world. Angola, Colombia, the Democrati... Free Essays on Childrend's Right Free Essays on Childrend's Right Children ¡Ã‚ ¯s Rights, You and I When I was a child, my parents gave me a lot: the happiness, the freedom, the nice food, and the best education. When I became a father, I tried to give my child as much as I can. What about you? You may treat your children the same way I did. But, can you believe that million of children even have no food to eat and no place to live? Can you believe that million of children under 14 work as full time labor while million of others were killed by conflict and disease? I can not believe it, but it is the fact. Armed children, disabled children, refugee children ¡Ã‚ ­ as many as million of million. Report from Child Rights Information Network: about 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 work. Of these, 120 million work full time and some 50-60 million work in hazardous circumstances. In India, at least 18 million children live or work on the streets, laboring as porters in railway stations or bus terminals, as ragpickers, and as vendors of food, tea, or handmade articles. These street children routinely subjected to arbitrary and illegal detention, torture, and extortion, and on occasion, murder at the hands of police. In Manila, 13- and 14-year-old girls work 17-hour days at their sewing machines in sweatshops. The pay: 13 cents an hour. That ¡Ã‚ ¯s better than the one cent a day earned by 5-year-olds who weed the tea plantations in Sri Lanka (Michele Landsberg). In the Ashanti Goldfields (jointly owned by the Government of Ghana and a company called Lonrho International), 11-year-old boys labor naked in pools of cyanide to extract gold from rock (Michele Landsberg). Report from Human Rights Watch: two million children were killed in the last decade in armed conflict. Three times as many have been serious injured or permanently disabled while million of others have become refugees. Child soldiers were used in more than thirty countries around the world. Angola, Colombia, the Democrati...

Mazda Advertising Strategy Essay Example

Mazda Advertising Strategy Essay Example Mazda Advertising Strategy Essay Mazda Advertising Strategy Essay In. Be Moved. This slogan was seen as more than just an advertising tagging, it was a brand promise. One of the first actions Donor took was to develop a campaign to reposition the Protege s model for 1999. The new advertising strategy for the Protege called for positioning it as a cool and fun-to-drive vehicle for young, independent females. To launch repositioning campaign for the Protege, Donor developed television commercials, and extended the publicity of the car to the Internet with the worlds largest online automotive launch party with banner ads on different web sites. Travelers could enter a weepiest to win a new Protege and play trivia games supplied by the game show site uproar. Mazda also mailed a CD-ROOM with music, movie reviews and interviews to people who requested more information while visiting the Protege web site. The MIMIC program was extended to dealer showrooms by developing point-of-purchase cubes that used the same imagery and tonality as the television and print messages. The MIMIC program was extremely successful in repositioning the Protege and attracting young buyers. In 2001, the Zoom-Zoom message was showed in all models and new commercials were developed, like the V/here is it written that only a ports car can behave like a sports car? Related to the Protege. In 2002, Mazda introduced the EMPHASIZED Protege, this model would attract more male buyers. According to Mammas vice president of product strategy and development, this models (EMPHASIZED) are the ultimate expression of Mazda performance, and that the car takes factory-tuned sport- compact performance to the extreme. The MAZDA was the most critical new product launched by the brand in 2003; this car would attract consumers in the mid-ass with an active lifestyle. The advertising strategy used for the MAZDA was similar to the Protege. The ads still used the Zoom-zoom strategy but with a more confident feel. The promotional strategy used to the MAZDA used integrated communication program, print advertising, ads present on magazines and newspapers. Mazda also signed a marketing deal with ESP. to advertise on the MAZDA in different media like the SPENT, radio, internet, and restaurants. The MIMIC program for the MAZDA also includes an extensive publicity campaign, direct mail, and the use of interactive media such as online advertising, CD-Rooms, and a mini-web site on www. Mazda. Com. The MIMIC were very important to highlight the feathers of both cars and to attract consumers, and so, get a higher profit for the brand. Nowadays, Internet, magazines, and TV are extremely important to attract consumers showing the products through commercials and ads. If we open a magazine, we II find different types of ads for cars, because people actually read magazines frequently, turn on the TV every day and use the Internet almost all day. 2. Evaluate Mammas decision to drop the Get In. Be Moved tagging for the Protege and adopt the Zoom-zoom theme for its advertising. I think was very important to change the tagging for the Protege, dropping the Get In. Be Moved and adopting the Zoom-zoom theme. Time passes, consumers change their opinions and their tastes, and it s really important for the brands to innovate, change, make something different, because that s what consumers look for. This new theme would appeal for adult consumers with desires to drive fun cars. With the tagging Zoom-Zoom, Mazda started to add music and other effects in their commercials. I find curious the fact that the brand din t just change the tagging, in 2002, there was still commercials with both tastiness; only later, the Get In. Be Moved was dropped. I think the Zoom-zoom is a simple but powerful tagging, the Get In. Be Moved was a really good tagging, but too explicit, the new tagging is recent, modern. And the Zoom-Zoom tagging was everything Mazda was looking for to create a DNA of the brand, presented in ads and commercials. 3. Evaluate the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA sports sedan. Do you agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA? Agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA. The commercials for the new MAZDA are designed to be more grown up, and all this approach is designed to position the car as a refined, Porto alternative to the Toyota Campy, Ionians Ultimate, and Honda Accord. The new MAZDA was not a playful car designed for young adults who wanted to drive fun-cars, it was a serious car, elegant design for mature people, and also to compete with other cars listed above. The young boy that appeared in the protoggs commercials was removed but the Zoom-zoom tagging was kept, because that s the true essence of the car brand. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mazda regarding its integrated marketing com inactions strategy as the company moves forward? In my opinion, its crucial for car brands to be innovative, different, with new theaters in their cars, and with appellative commercials and ads. Basically, the innovation needs to be constant because that s what consumers want, something new, different than the other cars they used before. With the advance of technology and knowledge, brands need to follow that advance, and bring new, beautiful, and innovative products, thats the best way to make profit in 2015.

Oxford English Dictionary to go online only (probably) - Emphasis

Oxford English Dictionary to go online only (probably) Oxford English Dictionary to go online only (probably) The next edition of The Oxford English Dictionary probably wont appear in print, according to the Oxford University Press (OUP), the dictionarys owner. Instead, it is likely that the third edition will be accessible only electronically. OED3 wont be ready for at least another decade, and the decision is not yet final. But when asked if it would appear in print, OUP Chief Executive Nigel Portwood said, I dont think so [] The print dictionary market is just disappearing. No surprise that this is down to the increasingly ubiquitous presence of the internet and the latest alternative ways to read and access information. The second edition of the reference guide considered the worlds most definitive work on the language was published in 20 volumes in 1989. Its also been available online (by subscription) for over ten years, where it receives two million hits a month. It seems inevitable that new technology like the iPad will revolutionise our reading habits, but how happy are we all about it? Are those of us sentimental about the feel of paper between our fingers just holding on to a fast-receding past? Simon Winchester, author of The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary, has come reluctantly round to that way of thinking. Until six months ago I was clinging to the idea that printed books would likely last forever he said. Since the arrival of the iPad I am now wholly convinced otherwise. And even bibliophiles like him are naturally evolving past pages. I have two complete OEDs, but never consult them I use the online OED five or six times daily. So it looks like the end of the printed word could indeed be nigh. Is it time, then, for techno-sceptics to stop wringing their hands over the demise of books in order to embrace this paperless future?

What are the driving forces of globalization and what effects does Essay

What are the driving forces of globalization and what effects does globalization have on the policy-making capabilities of states - Essay Example 256-260), â€Å"globalization integrates many countries together.† It is an observation that after globalization, developed and developing countries have got an opportunity to interconnect themselves together (Frieden, pp. 256-260). Since the time when people began to travel and explore the world outside their limited boundaries, an era of development commenced. This development was in the form of advancements in the trade patterns and scientific discoveries (Boutaleb, p.1). However, now the notion of development has acquired a very different and diverse context. It now includes learning from diverse group of people, intermingling of cultures, and working for mutual success. Thus, â€Å"Globalization is the phenomenon, which can be stated as intermingling of nations and people culturally, and economically† (Smith, p.1). Transportation and media has shortened the distances between two nations, as well as the people. In today’s era of globalization, one can acquire information about anything, and can move from one continent to another in a matter of time, which otherwise would require years of constant traveling. Moreover, on one hand, people had to perform their work with their hands and had to rely on primitive methods of earning and livelihood in previous years; however, in the recent years, globalization has given access to a bountiful of virtual, natural, and artificial resources that offer their utilization to change the lifestyles completely. It means that people can learn from others experiences and build further on rather than learning by experiencing it themselves and starting any work from scratch. People are social animals, created by God to develop and learn with mutual interaction and contact with the natural surrounding. An individual living on a deserted island cannot rely totally on his own skill as a survivor, no matter how courageous and introvert he is. He needs certain assistance and other human beings to talk, learn,

Project Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management - Term Paper Example enities, lease deadlines and renewal arrangements, lease and vendor contracts, correspondences for lease arrangements and tenant payment history together with their contacts. The system will therefore automatically detect upcoming vacancies in the apartment block well in advance to facilitate timely reservations and ensure seamless flow of revenue. For a successful implementation of this project, there must be in place human, physical and financial resources. With regards to the required human resource, software developers will be hired on a contractual basis. This is because the core business is property management and therefore software developers’ services will only be necessary until the fully implemented after which a technician’s services will be sought for system maintenance purposes. Room must be availed for the installation of the necessary hardware such as server, computers and other relevant accessories. All these will require financial resources for both the development of software, purchase of hardware and training of staff on the new system. Milestones will be measured through a proper reporting channel to the project manager from all the involved teams. The project will be divided into individual activities with each activity headed by a team leader. All the component activities will follow a strict time and progress reporting guideline. Software development should take a month during which the installation of the required hardware shall be complete. Since these two activities are independent, they can be undertaken simultaneously. Upon completion of these two significant activities, a test run of the system shall be done to verify the compatibility of the soft and hardware. Success of this activity will provide the green light for training of staff on how to use the new system which should last 14 days. During the training period, the new system will run alongside the existing one before a full crossover to the new system. A monitoring and